Greece s Impact On The World - 1335 Words

A Blast From the Past The way to better the world is to go back to the past and learn the ways of those who came before and learned from their mistakes; sort of like time traveling. When going back in time and comparing the ancient civilizations of Rome and Greece to today, the root of our knowledge is greatly influenced on the minds who have lived at that time. Some may ask which civilization had the most impact on United States and the world? Many would say that the Romans had the most impact on United States and the world and some may contradict and say Greece had the most influence. However, Greece influenced the world and the United States the most in tremendous ways. Greece gave the United States the influence to start it’s first†¦show more content†¦Athens’s democracy was created to develop a long lasting organizations with a concept in mind of individual rights for citizens. An excellent quality of the Athenian democracy was that citizens were elected annually and allowed to further a long term unless an awry situation, then an abrupt change of government can be acted upon on. Direct democracy helped the Athenians to progress intellectually, expanded their minds, and cultural perception. Aspiring to the Athenians, the United States followed in their footsteps and started a direct democracy in the 1630s to strive to achieve a balanced land. Once a mind has reached a level of imagination, people will start to think for themselves and begin to acquire a high curiosity of what is seen with the naked eye. With the Athenian democracy promoting a development of intellect, philosophers and philosophy began to emerge along with their ideas and share it to the world. In the Article, â€Å"Ancient Greek Culture and Civilization,† the author states, â€Å"The Philosophers-Socrates, Plato and Aristotle contributed to the way of thinking,human life, and science.† Ancient Greece philosophy fixated on the attitude of question and reasoning. Philosophy had an important significance on modern science and modern day philosophy. The three main philosophers of G reece were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. They contributed to the expansion of medieval scientists and

Corruption Within the Criminal Justice System - 3675 Words

Corruption within the Criminal Justice System I have always had a strong passion for the criminal justice system especially policing. Even as a student at Jessie Jensen Elementary I remember picking police officers for Career Day. However, my admiration for police officers has become pure disappointment. Corruption has become a major issue within police departments. Unfortunately more and more police officers are being lured into committing corrupt acts. Although corruption with in the criminal justice system has always been around, it is now more evident than ever. Policing in the United States has been around since the early nineteenth century (Siegal and Senna 154). Even in the early nineteenth century corruption with in†¦show more content†¦It is obvious that police officers are using their jobs as law enforcers to obtain illegal items and are shamefully betraying their police departments. The policemen who were involved in this drug smuggle were veterans. When people think of veterans, whether it be a veteran of war or a veteran of a police department, we think of someone who has devoted many years, served and been loyal to the service. People have admiration for veterans and recognize them for being committed to the service as well as being faithful to every year they have been involved in it. Now the four veteran police officers from Chicago will be spending time in prison instead of adding more years to the service of policing. Those years that the veteran police officers were dedicated to the policing is now history, they could have helped lower crime rates in Chicago, but instead they are facing priso n time. So much corruption within police departmentsShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System Is The Law Of The Land1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe criminal justice system as a whole can be looked at in numerous ways depending on the sub category you want to approach, whether it be the federal law, law enforcement or correctional programs. In most eyes, the federal law is the law of the land and by that it provides a stable community of rules that everyone must follow with efficiency while providing public safety. With that comes the enforcement of the law, the most common being police. In essence majority of the united states looks at theRead MoreThe Extreme Justice League By Michael Barnett1244 Words   |  5 Pagesextreme justice league. The extreme justice league consists of middle ages men and women who are real life superheroes. Each of theses superheroes has various backgrounds of being victims or affected by violence or assault or have had a troublesome upbringing. 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Now, that is not to say there are not any stories of people of the law doing their jobs to theRead MoreThe Law Enforcement System And The Criminal Justice System Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Law enforcement system is one of the major components within the Crimin al Justice System. According to the National Center for Victims of Crime (2008), The Law enforcement system plays a critical key role within the Criminal Justice system, since â€Å"Law enforcement officers take reports for crimes that happen in the area, then the officers investigate crimes and both gather and protect evidence, officers may arrest offenders, give testimony during the court process, and conduct follow up investigationsRead MoreAmerica’S Criminal Justice System Today Is Constantly Being1101 Words   |  5 Pages America’s criminal justice system today is constantly being questioned and scrutinized by citizens. America’s Criminal Justice system is based on morals and beliefs. These original morals and beliefs didn t come out of anywhere. Europe was a huge influence on America and our criminal justice system. Throughout the years the system has evolved along with our country. America s Criminal Justice system started during colonial America, with the early colonists coming from England, France, andRead MoreT Be Used As An Initial Heading1000 Words   |  4 Pagessurround us, but the people in America and the people in the criminal justice system are victims of by the men and women who swore to protect and carry out the equal human rights of all. Racial bias does not just occur solely within the court system. It occurs from the black men who was racially profiled who randomly got pulled over, to jury selections, to the out of proportion prison systems and to the entire criminal justice system, who took the 14th Amendment to provide equal human rights toRead MoreA Brief Note On Corruption Of Police Administration1474 Words   |  6 Pages Corruption in Police Administration Andrew Broyhill University of Central Missouri CJ 2101 November 17, 2015 Dr. Etters â€Æ' Corruption in Police Administration Police corruption is a problem that has and will always impact us all. It has always existed and has changed policing in several dramatic ways. However, one simple element of corruption has always been apparent. It’s never NOT happening. Unfortunately, police corruption is an on going problem that isn’t slowing down. In fact, in the pastRead MoreEssay on Police and Corruption1393 Words   |  6 PagesPolice and Corruption The police. Twenty-four hours a day, three hundred sixty-five days a year, this division of our government has a mandate to enforce the criminal law and preserve public peace. Understood in this mandate is an obligation to police everyday life matters that originate in the daily lives and activities of citizens within their community. Police interact in some form with the average citizen more often than any other government official. In society today the police playRead MoreEssay Ethics in Criminal Justice1263 Words   |  6 PagesETHICS IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE CRJ 306 – INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE KRISTA L. JONES PROFESSOR COURTNEY SEVERINO July 29, 2013 Ethics in Criminal Procedure and Criminal Justice Actions and inactions all have moral implications; they are either right or wrong depending on the individual and what s/he believes or feels is right or wrong. Each person’s conduct can and does have implications and ramifications. For every action there is an equal and/or oppositeRead MoreRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1725 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-equal treatment of members of that race. Also, this paper will be focusing on the race industry within the criminal justice system in all level law enforcement, courts and court system. Racial discrimination can be researched back in history its leading enablers take it as undisputable that the African American community has the highest number of incarceration rates result within the criminal justice system. According to many evidence and statistics is can be stated that at a presidential primary debate

Thank You for Smoking by Nick Naylor Free Essays

Sneha Maknojia Professor Christopher Dunn English 1302- Essay One 27 February 2013 Thank You for Smoking Thank You for smoking is about a lobbyist name Nick Naylor who is the vice-president of Academy of Tobacco studies. The movie revolves around how Nick smooth-talks everyone into believing that Tobacco is not very harmful. Nick Naylor’s main job was to make people aware of the research his academy does and answer questions on television regarding health claims against tobacco. We will write a custom essay sample on Thank You for Smoking by Nick Naylor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nick believed everyone has some sort of talent and he has the talent to talk people in or out of an argument. He always knew what to say and when he needs to say it. In the movie Thank You For Smoking the main character Nick Naylor shows the power of how argument when it is done in a correct manner, which can make everything seem right. There were many instances in the movie when Nick showed the power of argument. In the movie he argued himself out of some other argument. Throughout the movie Nick showed the power of art and power of argument from the smallest of things to very serious matters. The first instance I thought he showed his knowledge about argument is when he is with his son in Los Angeles and teaching him how you do not have to be right to win an argument. He is teaching his son an art of argument by saying that to win an argument all you have to do is to prove other persons argument wrong. The reason why I thought it was kind of an interesting philosophy of Nick Naylor is because it is kind of true sometimes you do not have to prove yourself right. All you have to do is that prove the other person wrong which will automatically make you correct. The second time I thought Nick Naylor showed his power over arguing is at the beginning of the movie when he is at a television talk show and he was being criticized of how the academy is not doing anything to prevent the number of deaths of children because of tobacco. Here again using his great skill of smooth talking saying that why would a tobacco company would want their customers to die. Again he made a point which I thought was very logical. He put an end to this argument by claiming how academy is putting their own money to help persuade kids not to smoke. Nick again using the power of his argument skills by putting the on us on the other guy instead of himself and let the other guy prove his case instead Nick trying to prove his. The third evidence of Nick’s argument abilities is shown at the congressional hearing towards the end. When he was arguing on the issue of people being not informed enough about the dangers of tobacco, he was asked to come in to prove that otherwise. Here again instead of proving his own point, Nick Naylor brought up a whole new argument to get peoples focus off from the tobacco argument. He made another valid point by saying that if tobacco’s hazardous warning needs to be more prominent on its packaging because it is great danger to American people health than cheese have to have hazardous warning too. He argued that a lot Americans died because of cholesterol so they should put a more prominent danger warning on cheese related products too. Nick gave a great analogy about people being knowledgeable enough to make their own decisions. Just like cheese do not need a warning sign because people are aware of the danger of cholesterol by eating too much cheese, people who smoke are aware of the harm of tobacco. It’s a person own choice what they want to consume and what they do not, people are knowledgeable enough to know what is harmful to them and what is not. These claims that Nick have made about the beauty of arguing supports my thesis about how throughout the Nick Naylor showed the power of argument if it is done correctly. He argued with his counter parts in a manner that it never looked like he was arguing. He talked in such a soft, smooth tone that sometime he was not the one who was defending the argument and it is the other way around. Some people think arguing never brings any good, but in this movie Nick Naylor showed how arguing, if done correctly, can persuade people to change their way of thinking. I thought the last dialogue of Nick Naylor sums up his talent of arguing quiet brilliantly. â€Å"Michael Jordan plays ball. Charles Manson kills people. I talk. Everyone has a talent. † How to cite Thank You for Smoking by Nick Naylor, Papers

Accounting Information System

Question: Write an essay on AIS (Accounting Information System). Answer: The AIS (Accounting Information System) is defined as a specific structure, which every organization can use to manage, report, store, retrieves and collect the finance based information. It has been found that the accountants, consultants, business analysts, tax agencies, managers and auditors generally use this specific financial information. The primary objective of the accounting information system is to prepare various procedures with the aim to make effortless access to the financial information to the individual who really need its accessibility. By implementing the accounting information system, both the organization and its accountant get helped as it stores various data intact, safely and securely. The information technology infrastructure, internal controls, methodologies, instructions people and software are the main elements of the AIS. The accounting information system is a simpler system that indicates the people and the accountants of a company are the experts or prof essionals using the particular system. This system is also implemented by the consultants, business analysts, the chief financial officers and the auditors. This system provides guidance to different divisions of an organization with the aim to work together as by implementing well organization and well developed system of accounting, it provides support to each individual of the company to get access to the general data and information by the system. The accounting information systems instructions and procedures are the procedures, which are used for retrieving, processing, storing and gathering information. Nevertheless, this stated information can be gathered from external sources and internal sources. The internal sources include the staffs and employees of a company; on the other hand, the external sources include the online orders of the customers. All the instructions and methodologies are represented in form of coded figures in the AIS software. Therefore, this coded form is constantly followed in order to become effective. The information and data that are available in the AIS software are all related to the business practices. Thus, various types of financial information are available in the AIS system. The primary data are dependent on the business nature. The most common data that are available in AIS software system include data regarding sales orders, vendor invoices, inventory data, consumer billing statements, report regarding sales analysis and purchase requisites. This information helps to prepare the business reports on accounting statements and accounting. Currently, most of the organizations use the AIS software. Therefore, in every organization all information and data are kept and stored accurately and systematically. This gives proper guidance to the business to execute all the functions correctly. The hardware is considered as the infrastructure of information technology, which is implemented to operate the AIS. Therefore, the chosen hardware should be compatible with software. The security is measured by internal controls in order to secure the sensitive information. The AIS software stores several confidential matters about the organization, its staffs and customers. For instance, the organization WorldComs auditors implemented the AIS software within the company in order to find the ongoing fraudulent activities within the firm. By implementing this software, the accountants of the particular firm found that about $4 billion amount was spending in the purpose of fraudulent. Thus, it can be said that the internal auditors saved the company from undergoing bankruptcy and also terminated the CFO and new legislation of the organization. All these goals can only be fulfilled when the AIS will possess particular characteristics, which are structured as per the qualitative characteristics of the information of accounting. Primarily, AIS helps in making decision. As per SFAC 1, the objective of reporting information about financial matter is to provide comprehensive information to its experts. The qualitative characteristics of accounting information are of two types primary and secondary qualities. The later one is composed of comparability and consistency and primary quality is composed of relevance and reliability. Relevance has three parts feedback value, predictive value and timeliness and reliability is composed of faithfulness, neutrality and verifiability. The capability of predicting an important factor as the investors depends upon this prediction. The investors invest depending upon this capability as the gain probability depends on this. On the other hand, feedback value is considered as the key element as it is used to find out the differentiation among the various procedures of decision making. In reliability, both representational faithfulness and neutrality are counted as important factors. The agreement between the phenomenon measurement and design phenomenon are made to represent them and the representational faithfulness is counted. For instance, inventory is used in balance sheet that implies the products intended to sell. But, if an accountant includes the machines producing the products within inventory calculation, then it can be said that the accountant has lack of representational faithfulness. For example, in an organization named FedEx Corporation, the receivable less allowances was calculated $172 million in 2012 and it was accounted $168 million in 2013. The neutrality is associated with the betterment of the accounting standards. Thus, the change in the accounting standards directly put impact on the economic consequences, investors, creditors and other interest groups adversely. Opined to Boateng (2013), it has been found that the board FASB has to suffer a lot for various complexities during the period of making balance between the economic consequences and neutrality. The FASB tried hard to convince the entire financial community about the fact that standard of accounting is not the objective that is used to set the accounting standard. According to Scott (2011), it has been noted that one of the members of the board FASB stated that this particular board mainly put importance to the neutrality for standard setting. In addition to this, it has been noticed that the qualities of the reliability and the qualities of the relevance often gets collided. For instance, in most of the organizations, the managers earn their incentives bas ed on the profit represented by them in the profit and loss account, income statement and balance sheet. Therefore, it is a common factor that the managers might set the policy in such a way that they will look after their own benefit and will not concern about the benefit of the operation of the company. It has been found that there are certain types of business and industries that are used in order to follow some ordinary procedures of accounting. The new business person in the particular industry also accepts the same procedure according to the trend of the particular industry. Thus, these accounting methods become the generally accepted procedure for some specific types of industries and businesses. On the contrary, there are some procedures of accounting that are used broadly for providing services to certain purposes. The industries or the organizations that are associated with any of such particular purpose, this is used to retain the books under the general procedure (Deegan and Unerman 2011). The positive accounting theory is most modern accounting theory that generally describes the causes for using the specific method of accounting by a particular industry or firm. This helps in predicting the particular organization or industry to select a particular method of accounting. The remaining theories of accounting recommend that the nature of the procedures of accounting and the scope of the application of the accounting procedures. This does not give the acceptability level of the procedures. On the other hand, the Profit after Tax (PAT) value provides the tendency of using any procedure and it also proclaims the particular reason for the popularity of any particular procedure in any particular kind of organization or/ and industry. Therefore, it has become much easy for the new business houses to select the most common methodology that is also used in the related industry (Scott 2011). The present organizations might also use this positive accounting theory for the alterat ion of the present methodologies with a popular one as per the trend of the particular industry or even as per the related common objectives. For instance, it has been noted that several entities mainly use this positive accounting theory in order to maintain two different kinds of depreciation models. These organizations primarily use the straight line method of depreciation for the business purposes and on the other hand, these industries use the accelerated method or model of depreciation for the purpose of taxation. There are also various accounting theories that provide merits and demerits of these two particular methodologies. However, this cannot explain the reason for this peculiar trend of market. As per the concept of profit after tax, this particular trend is trailed by the accelerated method of depreciation, where the depreciation is charged for the first few years only, after buying any asset. This is considered as the very high and therefore, it declines the total amount of profit. for the evaluation of the normal profit, these industries or organizations internally follow the straight line method. Therefore, by the help of the PAT, the accountants of these industries or firms can get the significance of these trends based on the financial information available. The positive accounting theory is mainly structured based on two perspectives. These are efficiency perspective and opportunistic perspective. Several firms favor some accounting procedures based on the efficiency level of these procedures. Some of the accounting procedures are used to work the system more effectively and efficiently in some nature of business or even for serving certain objectives. The efficiency perspective helps the accountants of the firm to provide more accurate financial information in comparison to other methods (Glautier, Morris and Underdown 2011). Therefore, this perspective has become the most common procedure for particular industries. For example, the comparatively smaller entities that generally rely much on the cash transactions prefer the cash based system of accounting in comparison to the accr ual based system of accounting. On the contrary, in case of opportunistic perspective, it is referred as perspective that is based on certain objective or aim. These types of perspectives are associated with self-interest of managers and owners. The manager and the owner might grab the opportunity of using this procedure as this encourages them to select a perfect kind of procedure for the company. The factors that help in determining the selective criteria are as follows: Bonus plan When the bonus or the incentives of the managers are dependent on their financial performances and the financial performances of the organization, they generally prefer to choose that method, which has the ability to represent higher profit and lower amount of cost (Deegan and Unerman 2011). For example, the diminishing model of depreciation generally results into lower amount of depreciation in the long run, whereas, in the straight line method, it shows similar amount of depreciation for the entire life of the asset. On the other hand, the accelerated model of depreciation produces higher amount in the beginning of the project that is during the starting of the project. Therefore, the intention of a manger who wants to earn incentive in short run prefers accelerated method and the diminishing method is for long run period. Debt/ Equity Factor Generally the managers or the accountants of an organization use this method to repay loans as early as possible and also intend to diminish the total amount of liability. Therefore, in these cases, the accountants intend to represent higher amount of profit such that the organization can clear the loans from the accelerated profit quickly. Political cost The political leaders generally use this technique in order to demand the donations from larger business houses (Boateng 2013). Thus, the owners of these businesses represent lesser amount of profit than the actual one earned. So, the accountants here select the conservative method of accounting that will represent lower profit than actual. As per the Zimmerman and Watts, the real flaw of this theory is the absence of guidance for selection of the methods of accounting. This gives the trend of general market about the selection of methods of accounting. It might also happen that a particular theory becomes popular within the industry but it is unable to serve actual purpose. Thus, it can be said that positive accounting theory has failed to explain the guidance whether a particular firm should follow a common practice or it should change its existing method for the betterment of the organization. Therefore, it can be said that the positive accounting theory can be counted as an abrogation of the duty of the academics. References Boateng, P. (2013).Principles of accounting theory. [Place of publication not identified]: Dog Ear Publishing, Llc. Deegan, C. and Unerman, J. (2011).Financial accounting theory. Maidenhead, Berkshire: McGraw Hill Education. Glautier, M., Morris, D. and Underdown, B. (2011).Accounting. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall/Pearson. Scott, W. (2011).Financial accounting theory. Toronto, Ont.: Pearson Canada. Wolk, H., Dodd, J. and Rozycki, J. (2013).Accounting theory. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Accounting Information System Question: Discuss about the Accounting Information System the in Public Sector. Answer: Introduction Accounting Information System is also known as AIS in short and is described as a particular procedure that helps in gathering, storing and processing accounting as well as financial data and these are usually used by a firms internal users. These data are collected for the purpose of investors, tax authorities and creditors and as these are computer-based procedures, it also assists in tracking all activities (accounting) of a firm together with the information technology resources. AIS bring together the GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) (traditional practices) with modern information technology resources. There are various elements found in the AIS that play a significant role in the accounting cycle, these include customer information, employee information, revenue, tax information and expenses[1]. In addition, these data include analysts reports, sales order, check resisters, ledger, inventory, purchase requisites, invoices, trial balance, payroll and fiscal decla ration information. Therefore, nowadays, selection of an accurate AIS/ ERP system based on the business type and size has become an obligatory factor[2]. Thus, in this report, business process of a Bakery firm has been described in detail and along with it the selection of vendor and software have been done for better operation of the business. Business Process A baker is personnel who bakes breads, cakes and biscuits by the help of oven and other heat sources and sells them in market. The workplace where a baker bakes cakes, biscuits and breads and manufactures products is termed as bakery. A baker is also known as Pastry Chef and this can be of several kinds, these are - Baked Goods Producer, Bread Maker, Retail Baker, Commercial Baker and Bakery Chef. Generally, a baker mixes all the ingredients according to the particular recipe and bakes into various types of breads, pastries, cookies, cakes and biscuits. Then the grocers, wholesalers, restaurants and institutional food services sell these food products to the customers. Moreover, for maintaining a great quality of the food, the baker checks the quality of each of the component before preparing the food. Additionally, the baker also makes various equipments for baking purpose of several kinds of food in an accurate way[3]. Moreover, the baker mixes all the components of food with the h elp of a blender for making the mixture perfect. At first, the baker rolls, kneads, shapes and cuts the dough in an accurate size as per the requirement. Then, he places the particular dough within the pan, then shapes on the sheet, and keeps it on the oven at an applicable temperature for baking the food item on hot ovens or grills. Finally, the baker scrutinizes whether there is any change in the color of the food item, its state and then several toppings like glazes, icings and many more are added on the top of the finally baked item by the helps of spatulas and brushes as per the requirement. It has been found that the main activities of the particular business i.e. bakery firm are distribution of the manufactured goods to the clients, production of baked food products, employment of employees and accounting of the operational actions of the business. Other activities of the business are to bake perfectly at accurate temperature, to accomplish the personnel accountabilities an d also to control the organizations inventory. Furthermore, sanitation, safety and budgeting are also regarded as chief activities of the particular organization. Development of Business Requirements Incorporation of Key Business Procedures It is a common factor that for regulating a firm, several activities are needed for running it efficiently. Nonetheless, among all the actions, some are obligatory and for the particular bakery firm the indispensable procedures include periodical analysis, determination of cost of sales and cost efficient production method[5]. Additionally, this process of the business operation also integrates accurate payroll structure, analysis of data and research on fiscal declaration and taxation payment[6]. The matter that is of more concern in case of any medium scale bakery firm is the deficit of implementation of accurate accounting system and proper data recording system[7]. Thus, in this case also the specified organization (bakery firm) should implement the following procedure of business for making the business operations more effective. Determination of cost of sales As per the report, the concerned organization is a medium scale bakery firm, so, its business operations are related to a manufacturing firm. Additionally, this bakery organization manufactures various kinds of goods and this include different types of constituent materials and methods[8]. As a result, this firm should integrate a perfect account system, which is capable to determine the costs of manufacturing of all goods perfectly. Cost efficient procedure for the production The particular system of manufacturing several kinds of food items is generally accounted in a particular process that makes the firm able to manage all the products costs and assists in creating more cost efficient systems of production[9]. Periodical Analysis Generally, bakery is considered as FMCG manufacturer, so, it should implement particular type of method that can analyze the fiscal situation of the firm for a short time easily[10]. A Proper Payroll Structure It can be said that for every firm, it is an important thing to possess an accurate payroll structure and a proper accounting system. As these systems, help in paying salary as well as other contributions to the employees. Analysis of Data and Information Usually, within a firm, various kinds of data and information are available and these are associated with the business operations. Therefore, these data should be discussed in detail and conserved properly through the incorporation of accurate technologies. Making of Fiscal Declarations The specified medium scale bakery firm generally makes the fiscal declarations every year. However, this should be prepared by the help of a proper accounting system especially, which can help the firm to prepare a critical pattern of fiscal declaration[11]. Taxation Payment It has been noted that for every firm, payment of taxation has become a significant debt[12]. Therefore, the particular bakery firm should support these methodologies, which can make the specified procedure of tax return simpler. Required Outputs for Attaining Objectives of Business The inclusion of key procedures of business is considered as an important factor as accurate output is necessarily required for attaining the firms goals. Therefore, for analyzing the above stated methods, the below stated results can be delivered and this might assist the specified firm to operate effectively and profitably. Modified Pricing Strategy The cost of sales of any product is taken as the main structure for assembling the selling price of the manufactured goods or services. Therefore, it is considered as a significant factor for the firms management department as it assists in incorporating a proper accounting or costing system. This will help the bakery firm to determine the appropriate cost of sales. Additionally, this implementation strategy of appropriate method of pricing also guides the organization to detect the selling prices of the products (baked food items) in a systematic manner. In addition to this, the detection of the selling prices of different food items (baked) will also assist the organization to modify, change and incorporate the perfect pricing strategy. Cost Efficient Production System As per the particular report, this study of accounting system has been studied for a medium scale bakery, so all the activities of the corporation are equivalent to a manufacturing company. As a result, according to a manufacturing unit, within this bakery firm, many indirect expenses rise for ineffective utilization of material or labor[13]. Moreover, the cost control system is able to detect the factors that are liable for unproductive usage and assists the specified firm to eliminate these factors. Advanced Management over the Monetary performances According to the annual analysis of the data and information, it can be said that these are associated with the fiscal matters. As it would assist the management department of the bakery firm, this will help to understand the firms operations and performances for a short duration of time. Therefore, this will become relatively simpler for the managers of the organization to undertake different defensive measures. Nevertheless, if the result of this particular analysis becomes negative and certain positive traits can be detected for the accomplishment of the corporation for a short span of time. Moreover, this can also use the similar factors for long run. Increase in the Profitability of the Organization It has been found that the elimination of the particular features for extreme costs and the development of the efficiency of the level of production and other actions of the organization assist in increasing the firms profitability. Moreover, this specified organization i.e. bakery firm can also be considered as a capable corporation for analyzing the information gathered and those are related to the recent market situation for setting the marketing strategies accurately. Determination of Requirements of Systems The particular medium scale bakery organization requires accurate accounting software and should possess the below mentioned features: Analysis of Cost Accounting software should contain certain particular features that might record the production expense effectively. Moreover, an accounting software should remain capable to generate fiscal reports according to the demand[14]. In addition to this, the particular software of accounting can be represented as a contrast among the various kinds of cost items for various periods. Documentation Recording According to the researcher, generally a medium sized bakery firm has over 1000 accounting transactions in a specified accounting year. Based on the perspective of an accounting expert, all the transactions (accounting) are uniformly noteworthy and relevant, particularly for the fiscal declarations of the corporation. Furthermore, the fiscal declarations of the previous time-period are also required for evaluating the performance of the firm. Therefore, the specified accounting software should consist of information recording system and data intermittently. The cause for this is that the procedure of recording might also assist in bringing out the data, whenever needed and can be taken out from the accounting software. Basic Economic Structure It has been found that the accounting software provides opportunities towards the basic construction of economic. As a result, this should compose of perfect systems for accounting the inventories, creditors and debtors. Moreover, the payroll system of accounting aids to record all the salary payments and other fiscal benefits of the companys employees. In addition, this system is also composed of various characteristics that might assist in tracing the transactions of the business on a regular basis[15]. Furthermore, it should also give certain information in a recapitulated way about the fiscal declarations. In addition to these, internal network of the firm should regulate the software and security should be included so that the picked up individuals can only get admission to the vital data. Figure 2: Requirement of Systems[16] Selection of Software Accounting Software Package Vendors As per the stated needs, primarily three vendors have been selected for accounting package and for gathering details about every accounting software packages. The essential vendors include SAP, MYOB and DacEasy. Assortment of Kind of Accounting Software Opined to the opinion of the investigators, various kinds of accounting software are there that are available presently. Nonetheless, the particular medium scale bakery firm has a single option regarding selection of the most appropriate option among all kinds of software (accounting) on the basis of the size and structure of the particular business operation[17]. According to further study, the software of accounting can primarily be differentiated into three kinds, these are high-end software, low-end software and medium-end software. High-end Software The high-end accounting software have high developmental technology and thus it acts as a competent factor for the modified accounting system. This particular system of an organization should be developed with the aim to include the specified accounting software. Low-end Software The low-end accounting software is considered as an accurate one for the particular organizations that are relatively smaller. Moreover, the small organizations that are operated by a professional individual like advocates, doctors, lawyers and many more also implements this low-end accounting software for better running of the business[18]. Finally, this software of accounting has been constructed based on the single system of accounting. Medium-end Software According to researchers, the medium-sized accounting software is mainly constructed depending on the double entry system of accounting. Moreover, this particular accounting software also possesses the crucial characteristics of accounting for better running of business operations. Additionally, this kind of accounting software is also eligible for performing the main requirements of the organizations, especially those are mainly regarded as profit-earning firms. As a result, this can be commanded that the medium scaled bakery firms should select the medium-end accounting software for operating their business operations smoothly. Moreover, this particular accounting software might also assist the organization to serve its objectives efficiently. Nonetheless, the inclusion of the high-end accounting software within a medium-scaled bakery firm might result into increased expenditure. Moreover, this might also require a long time for including the specified accounting software. Selection of Vendor Assessment of the Characteristics of the Accounting Software Packages As per the investigators, MYOB and DacEasy are the two most useful accounting software packages that are suitable for medium sized or small sized businesses. Depending on the detailed study, this can be said that both MYOB and DacEasy, the accounting software is constituted of four portions debtors, creditors, pay structure and stock[19]. Generally, the fiscal reports of the organization can be prepared in many ways. Nonetheless, the analysis of the software can be done on the basis of several grounds, such as ease in software usage, helps in the process of documentation, its scalability and substitutes of reporting. Sustaining in Documentation It has been found that both the online and printed documents can be made through usage of both DacEasy and MYOB software systems. According to the researchers, the DacEasy software usually assists a business to detect a perfect location within the index. There are many substitutes that assist the managers of a firm to search through help button and this button is positioned on the screen. On the contrary, for MYOB, this help button is positioned on each screen. Therefore, in this particular case, data can be developed quickly. Payment Structure It has been found that DacEasy helps in setting up deposits directly. Additionally, this particular accounting software features the employees, quarter, tax deposits, month and yearend with the intension to structure the payment. On the other hand, for MYOB, the payment pattern is manageable by utilization of various options, but, in this system, the employees status cannot be individualized. Scalability and Expenditures The gap between the pricing pattern of both accounting software i.e. MYOB and DacEasy cannot be differentiated distinctly. The particular edition of single usage has been sold, but, multiple user editions are recently networked. Ease in Usage of Particular Software System It can be said that construction of MYOB is relatively easier than DacEasy and is also considered as suitable for using. So, it guides the new comers of fiscal management to construct the accounting tasks[20]. In addition, installation method of MYOB is also simple and any portion of it is available through navigation bar. Besides, DacEasy can also be operated easily and the clients get other options of navigation through screen from one to other section. However, the design of tool bars is not suitable for the clients as it is not structured accurately. Time Scheduling Generally, DacEasy provides options regarding time billing and payroll section can be filled up with time billing data. Therefore, this report is attained on time and in case of MYOB billing duration and reference can be set up for particular credit term. Alternative of Reporting DacEasy has lower flexibility to generate report and it is capable to develop 50 various types of reports. However, MYOB is able to produce over 190 types of reports and this would help in capturing and represent data about vendors, employees, organization and customers. Creditors In case of DacEasy, vendor section is comprised of various accounts payable, such as - printing cheques, managing vendors, quotes and purchase order. On the other hand, MYOB bears quotes, e-payment, tax forms and purchase orders and these can be printed easily. In addition, it has been pointed out that this software is unable to develop credit memos for vendors. Debtors Usually, DacEasy assists to feature the customer details sales, banking, invoices and many more. Moreover, the goods to be transported cannot be predicted and the invoices via email are unable to send by using this system. However, MYOB are able to manage accounts receivable easily[21]. In addition, computations of customer charges, various charges and incomes can be easily performed. Nevertheless, shipping as well as shipping costs cannot be traced and projected respectively, as this software does not provide shipment instrument. Assortment of the Most Appropriate Vendor MYOB is the most suitable accounting software for the particular medium-scaled bakery firm as it will help the business by guiding the process to prepare fiscal reports and it is also user-friendly[22]. Moreover, there is no difference between the costs as the package of cost is identical to each other. Furthermore, its installation method and structure is also easier and it provides facility of bidirectional transfer. In addition, MYOB is more flexible than other accounting software (DacEasy). Therefore, MYOB provides various amenities during billing time. In case of MYOB, average and standards costs, LIFO and FIFO methods can be utilized for calculating inventory cost[23]. Moreover, the early learners of financial management section can use this software, as it is simple and easy. As a result, a medium-scaled bakery should use the MYOB accounting software for running the business smoothly. Figure 3: Facility of MYOB[24] Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that incorporation of MYOB accounting software in a medium-scaled bakery business is the most suitable one, as; it serves competence to print the fiscal charges such as tax forms, purchase order and the consumer related invoices. In addition to this, the accounting software MYOB generally holds multiple users in security level. The reason behind this is that MYOB assists in transmitting the collected data and information over the internet or the organization. In addition, it has been found that MYOB is relatively simpler to use and is also less expensive. References Bonollo, E., Lazzini, S. and Merli, M.Z., 2016. Innovations in Accounting Information System in the Public Sector. Evidences from Italian Public Universities. InStrengthening Information and Control Systems(pp. 199-216). Springer International Publishing. Chang, H., Ittner, C.D. and Paz, M.T., 2014. The multiple roles of the finance organization: Determinants, effectiveness, and the moderating influence of information system integration.Journal of Management Accounting Research,26(2), pp.1-32. Christensen, H.B., Nikolaev, V.V. and Wittenberg?Moerman, R., 2016. Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), pp.397-435. Collier, P.M., 2015.Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. Demski, J., 2013.Managerial uses of accounting information. Springer Science Business Media. Demski, J., 2013.Managerial uses of accounting information. Springer Science Business Media. Diatmika, I.W.B., Irianto, G. and Baridwan, Z., 2016. Determinants of Behavior Intention Of Accounting Information Systems Based Information Technology Acceptance.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(8). Du, K., Huddart, S. and Xue, L., 2015. Accounting Information Systems and Asset Prices. Guragai, B., Hunt, N., Neri, M. and Taylor, E.Z., 2014. Accounting Information Systems and Ethics Research: Review, Synthesis, and the Future.Journal of Information Systems. Ibrahim, A., 2013.Impact of Accounting Information System onthe Quality of Financial Information-An Applied Studyofthe Ministry of Finance and National Economy(Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology). Ismail, W. and Ali, A., 2013. Conceptual Model for Examining the Factors that Influence the Likelihood of Computerised Accounting Information System (CAIS) Adoption Among Malaysian SME.International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management,15(1), pp.122-151. Jiao, F., 2016, March. Risk Assessment and Control for Accounting Information System Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. InMeasuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA), 2016 Eighth International Conference on(pp. 580-583). IEEE. Jones, N., 2014. ACCTG 621 Accounting Information Systems, Sections 1 and 2. Mancini, D., Dameri, R.P. and Bonollo, E. eds., 2015.Strengthening Information and Control Systems: The Synergy Between Information Technology and Accounting Models(Vol. 14). Springer. Meng, F., 2014, August. Design of Accounting Information System of Modern Enterprises under Informatization Environment. In2014 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Information System (ICETIS 2014). Atlantis Press. Mesbah, K., Jalil, A. and Yuserrie, Z., 2015. Validation of the Theoretical Framework for Adoption of Accounting Information System Using Structural Equation Modelling.International Journal of Industrial Management (IJIM),1, pp.1-10. Pastukhov, A., 2015. Automatic control and maintaining of cooling process of bakery products.Agronomy Research,13(4), pp.1031-1039. Prasad, A. and Green, P., 2015. Organizational competencies and dynamic accounting information system capability: impact on AIS processes and firm performance.Journal of Information Systems,29(3), pp.123-149. Susanto, A., 2016. The Influence of Accounting Information System Quality to Accounting Information Quality and its Implications to the Good Study Program Governance.International Business Management,10(24), pp.5767-5776. Taheri, S., Momeni, A.R. and Hashemi, H., 2016. Analyzing The Result Of The Effect Of Information Technology On Qualitative Features Of Information In Accounting.Journal of Current Research in Science, (1), p.623. Wang, F., 2015. Research on the problems and countermeasures of enterprise accounting informatization.Information Management and Management Engineering,94, p.327. Wang, P., Che, F., Fan, S. and Gu, C., 2014. Ownership governance, institutional pressures and circular economy accounting information disclosure: An institutional theory and corporate governance theory perspective.Chinese Management Studies,8(3), pp.487-501. Wijaya, R.E., Ludigdo, U., Baridwan, Z. and Prihatiningtias, Y.W., 2015. Paradigm Blurred: Opera Cake in Management Accounting Information Research.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,211, pp.859-865. Zhang, L. and Ni, G.A., 2016. Research on Accounting Information System Based on Business Process.International Journal of Simulation [1] Prasad, A. and Green, P., 2015. Organizational competencies and dynamic accounting information system capability: impact on AIS processes and firm performance.Journal of Information Systems,29(3), pp.123-149. [2] Collier, P.M., 2015.Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision making. John Wiley Sons. [3] Pastukhov, A., 2015. Automatic control and maintaining of cooling process of bakery products.Agronomy Research,13(4), pp.1031-1039. [4] Du, K., Huddart, S. and Xue, L., 2015. Accounting Information Systems and Asset Prices. [5] Demski, J., 2013.Managerial uses of accounting information. Springer Science Business Media. [6] Mesbah, K., Jalil, A. and Yuserrie, Z., 2015. Validation of the Theoretical Framework for Adoption of Accounting Information System Using Structural Equation Modelling.International Journal of Industrial Management (IJIM),1, pp.1-10. [7] Jones, N., 2014. ACCTG 621 Accounting Information Systems, Sections 1 and 2. [8] Jiao, F., 2016, March. Risk Assessment and Control for Accounting Information System Based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. InMeasuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA), 2016 Eighth International Conference on(pp. 580-583). IEEE. [9] Taheri, S., Momeni, A.R. and Hashemi, H., 2016. Analyzing The Result Of The Effect Of Information Technology On Qualitative Features Of Information In Accounting.Journal of Current Research in Science, (1), p.623. [10] Susanto, A., 2016. The Influence of Accounting Information System Quality to Accounting Information Quality and its Implications to the Good Study Program Governance.International Business Management,10(24), pp.5767-5776. [11] Chang, H., Ittner, C.D. and Paz, M.T., 2014. The multiple roles of the finance organization: Determinants, effectiveness, and the moderating influence of information system integration.Journal of Management Accounting Research,26(2), pp.1-32. [12] Ibrahim, A., 2013.Impact of Accounting Information System onthe Quality of Financial Information-An Applied Studyofthe Ministry of Finance and National Economy(Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology). [13] Zhang, L. and Ni, G.A., 2016. Research on Accounting Information System Based on Business Process.International Journal of Simulation--Systems, Science Technology,17(7). [14] Bonollo, E., Lazzini, S. and Merli, M.Z., 2016. Innovations in Accounting Information System in the Public Sector. Evidences from Italian Public Universities. InStrengthening Information and Control Systems(pp. 199-216). Springer International Publishing. [15] Wang, P., Che, F., Fan, S. and Gu, C., 2014. Ownership governance, institutional pressures and circular economy accounting information disclosure: An institutional theory and corporate governance theory perspective.Chinese Management Studies,8(3), pp.487-501. [16] Wijaya, R.E., Ludigdo, U., Baridwan, Z. and Prihatiningtias, Y.W., 2015. Paradigm Blurred: Opera Cake in Management Accounting Information Research.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,211, pp.859-865. [17] Mancini, D., Dameri, R.P. and Bonollo, E. eds., 2015.Strengthening Information and Control Systems: The Synergy Between Information Technology and Accounting Models(Vol. 14). Springer. [18] Meng, F., 2014, August. Design of Accounting Information System of Modern Enterprises under Informatization Environment. In2014 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Information System (ICETIS 2014). Atlantis Press. [19] Ismail, W. and Ali, A., 2013. Conceptual Model for Examining the Factors that Influence the Likelihood of Computerised Accounting Information System (CAIS) Adoption Among Malaysian SME.International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management,15(1), pp.122-151. [20] Demski, J., 2013.Managerial uses of accounting information. Springer Science Business Media. [21] Christensen, H.B., Nikolaev, V.V. and Wittenberg?Moerman, R., 2016. Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), pp.397-435. [22] Wang, F., 2015. Research on the problems and countermeasures of enterprise accounting informatization.Information Management and Management Engineering,94, p.327. [23] Guragai, B., Hunt, N., Neri, M. and Taylor, E.Z., 2014. Accounting Information Systems and Ethics Research: Review, Synthesis, and the Future.Journal of Information Systems. [24] Diatmika, I.W.B., Irianto, G. and Baridwan, Z., 2016. Determinants of Behavior Intention Of Accounting Information Systems Based Information Technology Acceptance.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(8).

My Sexuality free essay sample

In our lives there are many people and events that influence your beliefs or things that you do as time goes on. Our sex lives are sometimes hard for us to talk about. We struggle to tell our children the facts of life, and we struggle to tell our partners what pleases us. Sex is personal, and, at its best, is an intimate treasure savored privately. We each want to please and be pleased, to feel warm, safe, and desired. Our sexuality is also sometimes hard to talk about. Events that happen in our lives and the people we bring into our lives change us as a person making it harder for some people to talk about their sexuality then it may be for others. I for one have had many contributions in my life that has caused my sexuality to be the way it is. Family happens to be one of the biggest contributions when it comes to my sexuality. We will write a custom essay sample on My Sexuality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Parents are different when it comes to sexual intercourse at a young age. Fathers are always more open with their sons about it and less open with it to their daughters. When it came to my father it was exactly that. It was against everything in him to have sex before marriage. His parents were brought up in the 1920’s in Italy where it was against all morals to get pregnant or even have sex before marriage. My older sister got pregnant before she was done with high school and dropped out. When my grandpa on my father’s side had found out about her pregnancy he got extremely mad at my father because in his eyes it was my father’s fault she got pregnant before marriage. So I promised my father I wouldn’t shadow what she did and finish school. I felt like I could never come to my father for help when it came to guys because I felt that he would be disappointed in me for anything I did sexually. When it came to puberty, I couldn’t even ask him to be put on birth control because to him birth control gives girls a reason to have sex. â€Å"They feel â€Å"protected† when they are on the pill it, it will give them a reason to keep having sex. †, is what he always used to say. Though one thing he didn’t realize is that birth control not only helps you from getting pregnant, but it also helps with girls cramps during their menstrual cycle. Now, my mother was a bit different. She had told me that I don’t have to be scared to come to her, talk, and go to the doctor’s to be put on birth control if I thought I was going to get sexual in any of my relationships. Even if had to happen behind my father’s back. She made me feel more comfortable about any sexual encounters that I may have been involved in because I knew I could trust her about anything I had to talk to her about or anything I felt nervous about in my relationships. Religion is a big part of my life and also helped sculpt my sexuality. I had planned on being a virgin until marriage because in church I was taught that premarital sex is a sin. Though another concept that I learned in church is that Jesus died on the cross for our sins so they can be forgiven. Although, I had sex before marriage I do believe my religion does keep me from trying things like masturbation, kinky sex and pornography. Abortion is one thing that I am STRONGLY AGAINST. I believe that if you â€Å"think† you are ready and responsible enough to have sex that you should â€Å"think† you are ready and responsible enough for any of the consequences that come with your so called â€Å"readiness†. I don’t like when friends or acquaintances talk about getting abortions when they think they are pregnant. School has been another big impact on my sexuality. Classes and teachers always really pushed about waiting to have sex. When students were caught having any kind of sexual relationship in school they were suspended and if numerous offenses happened they were sometimes expelled. So basically they put in your head that sex was wrong. In health class you are taught about STD’S and how you should wait to have sex when older and when you feel you are 100% ready to take care of any consequences that may come. Also they try to talk to you and tell you not to be ashamed of your sexuality whether you are straight, bi or homosexual. Peer-pressure is a HUGE thing in school. Drugs, sex, and partying are three of the main things that are peer-pressured in high school. My friends and other peers were having sex at younger ages. They tried to persuade me to start having sex with boyfriends and/or start/try masturbation because they thought it was fun and/or thought it felt good. It wasn’t because they were in love. Being raped at a young age caused me to be more cautious on who I talk to, trust, and hang out with. I have more of an attitude to certain people I don’t trust or like. I hold a lot of grudges when someone does something to lose my trust. It takes a lot of time to build the to forgive them and for them to earn their trust back then before. The rape has also caused me to push people away that I believe come too close. One last thing it caused me to lose was a lot of self respect and self worth. I don’t feel comfortable being naked with significant others or even being naked around myself. It made me feel disgusted of myself. I also became pregnant by the rape which made me feel even worse and not only that I have been raising my son since age 14. Though it did help me to be more aware and cautious of who I hang around and who I bring around my son. It also has shown me that a lot of men are still to immature to be in a serious relationship and caused me to lose a lot of relationships because of their immaturity. I am getting better as years goes on to get over the rape and move on with my life but again there is some things in your life that you can never forget. Since we grow up with so many different influences and events that happen in our lives, it could be difficult for some to realize where our beliefs come from. Though the events in my life caused me to be more cautious and grow up faster then others have some of them would have been better off undone. To recognize or at least be aware of what caused my beliefs, attitudes and values has helped me in a variety of ways whether it helped me be more careful of the things I do or the people I keep my loved ones and myself around or even made me a stronger person. Factors in my life had even caused me to be sure of my sexuality and made me who I am today as a more mature and stronger women then I would have been if some of my life events haven’t happened.

The History of Pi Essays - Pi, Approximations Of, Free Essays

The History of Pi Essays - Pi, Approximations Of, Free Essays Pi The History of Pi A little known verse in the bible reads And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other; it was round all about, and his height was five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it about(I Kings 7, 23). This passage from the bible demonstrates the ancient nature of the irrational number pi. Pi in fact is mentioned in a number of verses throughout the bible. In II Chronicles 4,2, in the passage describing the building of the great temple of Solomon which was built around 950BC, pi is given as equal to three. This value is not very accurate at all and should not even be considered accurate for its time, however it should be noted that precision was not needed for the task that was being performed and we should let the general concept of pi that the biblical characters posses impress us. Present knowledge suggests that the concept of pi first developed in 2000 BC in two separate cultures. The Babylonians used pi at a value of 25/8 while an entirely different culture, the ancient Egyptians used pi at a value of 256/81. While the biblical calculation of pi=3 most likely came from crude measurement, there is strong reason to believe, because of the relative accuracy of the values, that the Babylonians and Egyptians found pi by means of mathematical equations. In the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, which is dated around 1650 BC, there is strong evidence supporting that the Egyptians used 4(8/9)2 =3.16 for their value of pi. At that point in history, and for the majority of modern history, pi was not seen as an irrational number as it is today. The next culture that investigated pi was the ancient Greeks. Starting in 434 BC Greeks were unraveling the mysteries of pi. The mathematician Anaxagoras made an unsuccessful attempt at finding pi, which he called squaring the circle and in 414 BC, 20 years after Anaxagoras failed in his attempt to square the circle, Aristophanes refers to the work of Anaxagoras in his comedy The Birds. It took over 100 years for the Greeks to finally find a value for pi. In 240 BC Archimedes of Syracuse showed that 223/71*pi*22/7. Archimedes knew, what so many people today do not, that pi does not equal 22/7 and he made no claim to have discovered the exact value of pi. However if we take the average of his two bounds we obtain pi=3.1418, which was an error of about 0.0002. Archimedes found the most accurate value of pi up to that time and his value would be used exclusively until the next discovery in the world of pi. The next major finding concerning pi did not occur in the western world, but in China by Tsu Chung-chih who approximated pi at 355/113 in 480 AD. Next to nothing except for this work is known about Tsu Chung-chihs life but it is very unlikely that he had any awareness of Archimedes work. We shall now notice how during the dark ages of Europe, the lead in the research of pi is passed to the East. Aryabhata, working on his own in Persia without any outside information in 515 AD was able to approximate pi to 3 decimal places. A mathematician from Baghdad named AlKhwarizimi worked with pi however the most accurate finding of pi to date was found even more east in Samarkand by Al-Khashi. In 1430 AD he approximated pi to 16 decimal places, the most to date. His work however, would be the last of note from the east as the European Renaissance brought about a whole new mathematical world. The first notable discovery in the approximation of pi from the European Renaissance was by Viete in 1593 AD. He expressed pi as an infinite product by using only 2s and square roots. In 1610 Ludolph van Ceulen demonstrated the new thought coming out of the Renaissance by calculating pi to 35 decimal places. Around the same time, Snell refined Archimedess method of calculating pi, and Snells work was used by Grienberger to calculate pi to 39 decimal places in 1630. In 1655 Wallis showed that pi/2=2/1*2/3*4/3*4/5*6/5*6/7*8/7*8/9..... The 18th centuary brought about great

STUDY OF DIGITAL FILTER SHARPENING Dissertation

STUDY OF DIGITAL FILTER SHARPENING - Dissertation Example This dissertation tells that in the engineer’s daily work on dealing with Digital Signal Processing (DSP) for clients, he is often faced with several challenges that hinder the successful implementation of his task. The challenges come in diverse forms but one of such common challenges in the engineer dealing with digital signal processing has to do with system specification problems. These system specification failures often cause symmetric FIR filters in the entire software being used in the work not to function or work as it should. In a situation like this, most experts suggest a reduction in passband ripple or the increase in stopband attenuation. The fact of the situation however remains that the engineer is not always privileged to have access to any filter design software at his disposal to enable the reduction of passband ripple or the increment of the stopband attenuation. The latter scenario always happens and most engineers are always confused and limited in ideas. It is for typical situations like this that the researcher has put this research work together to serve as a catalyst for coming out with workable interventions that can be fallen upon in hard times such as the one described in the scenario. Though the researcher admits that the problem may be confronting and highly frustrating, it comes with a number of solutions, one of which is the practice of making do with the existing filter and sharpening it. This therefore brings to the floor, the issue of digital filter sharpening in handling system specification failure cases in basic engineering. ... It is against this background that the ASKAP Project (2009) mentions some expected specifications for the DSP system specifications. Among the specifications is the fact that the DSP system should be in a position to handle computed load of not less than 1 peta (1015) operations for each given second. Simultaneously, there should be a continuous flow of data at a rate of 70 Tera (1012) bits per second. In the event of all these, the practice of filtering is not eliminated. In fact, one of the major operations of the DSP system has always remained the â€Å"digitizing, filtering and beamforming of the data from the individual phased array feeds† (ASKAP Project, 2009). Anything less of the specified rate of performance calls for a reinforcement, which in the case of this research work is going to be the sharpening of available filters. Statement of the Problem The problem at hand has to do with the persistent failure in system requirements and specification for working on digita l signal processing (DSP) at a time when an engineer may not have access to filter design software to reduce passband ripple or increase stopband attenuation. It has been hypothesized through preliminary literature research that there could exist a number of interventions to handle the situation. Among the interventions however, the problem will be tackled from a perspective where the original symmetric FIR filters that was at the disposal of the engineer would be fallen on by sharpening it to get the systems back to functionality. Filter sharpening has been used for a number of complex digital signal processing; especially digital filter sharpening. Ultimately, digital

Week 7 Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 7 Assignments - Assignment Example Leaders are good listeners and are able to elicit information by constantly asking questions (Burns 2012). Good communication skills enable leaders to create good relationships with their subordinates, business partners and customers. These are the skills that will enable a leader to meet the objectives of an organization. Leaders also need to be self-motivated, have high integrity levels, be team players, have emotional intelligence and be able to think critically. Thinking critically will enable a leader to delegate duties effectively and also be able solve day to day problems facing the organization. Leaders also need to be charismatic and have excellent personal skills to enable them to deal effectively with customers. Charisma will enable a leader to influence subordinates to follow them without much struggle (Burns 2012). Managers can develop leadership skill by learning the art of communication, how to solve problems, how to manage their time effectively. Managers can also develop leadership skill by learning to trust their subordinates and encouraging their subordinates. Managers now are able to deal with employees working in international locations. Management is also tasked with transferring employees to other organizational branches and determining compensation offered for relocating. There have also been increased opportunities for management as globalization has made the world a global village and this has led to more competition for goods and services. Management has also been forced to adapt to the constantly changing environment. Management has to make sure that their organization is able to meet the tastes and preferences in a foreign country. Many countries have their own cultures, ethics, customs and management has to adapt to the above so as to be successful in a foreign country. Managers also have to be having knowledge on what is happening through the world. Through globalization managers can be

Sustainable Leadership - develope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sustainable Leadership - develope - Essay Example For the development of a sustainable leadership experience, certain strategies that increase company value by taking opportunities and managing factors that affect business (Avery & Bergsteiner, 10, 2011). In order to acquire and achieve the required success, leaders must be able to interact with people, both outside the business and inside the business. They must be able to be kind and caring. Leaders should make a point of getting to know the people around them well and in a deeper level (Edge Equilibrium. 2012). Knowing people will help leaders know what they value most and who they truly are in business and outside it. Learning about other people’s basics like family members, their anniversaries or birthdays go a terrific deal in ensuring that such human interactions and connections make leaders sustainable (Szà ©kely, & Knirsch, 630, 2005). Sustainable leaders know a thing or two about innovations, and they are innovators. Knowing how to be innovative and coming up with brilliant ideas, means that as a leader, one is willing to aim higher. A sustainable leader also surrounds him with ardent innovative minds (Casserley, & Critchley, 167, 2012). A sustainable leader is flexible, in that, no matter which direction life flows, he will still remain standing strong. To be a flexible leader means that every step that is taken is towards the betterment of the business. Flexibility is essential if a leader wants to succeed in business since just as life flows uncertainly, so does business, and it is the leaders’ responsibility to guide it down the right path. A sustainable leader plans and prepares for succession. This will ensure that for effective succession, those who follow them are more dynamic and have the potential and will to maintain the momentum for improvement. A sustainable leader has a clear vision and target that he wishes to accomplish within a speculated amount of time. They use their

Birds of a Feather Essay Example for Free

Birds of a Feather Essay â€Å"If birds of a feather flock together, they don’t learn enough† ~Robert Half~ The first thing that comes to mind when reading this quote is a flock of geese. They all stick together. They learn from one another and what they learn they pass on to future generations. While this is how they learn to stay safe, they are â€Å"stuck† doing the same thing every day. After reading the quote a few more times and looking at it from â€Å"outside the box† I realized that the birds represent people. Throughout our lives we see examples of this same behavior. For example, in high school there are many â€Å"flocks† who all dress, talk, and express themselves similarly. Why? Because it makes them feel safe. The problem with it is that they spend so much time doing things just like the rest of their â€Å"flock† that when they graduate they have a hard time adjusting to the real world. They didn’t learn enough about other â€Å"flocks† to be able to function outside of their comfort zone. This quote originates from the idea of the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus (c.460 BC), who stated: `Creatures flock together with their kind, doves with doves, and cranes with cranes and so on. The author, Robert Half was a businessman When I looked up the quote on the internet I found that my findings were confirmed. The quote means you are only as smart as the people you surround yourself with. If you want to learn more and do more you have to be willing to open yourself up to exploring new things and talking to people outside of your comfort zone. Only then can you really learn.

Barbara Andersons First Fieldwork Essay example -- Barbara Anderson A

Barbara Anderson's First Fieldwork Prà ©cis: â€Å"First Fieldwork† 1. Where did Barbara Anderson’s fieldwork take place and what was the goal of her research? Barbara Anderson’s fieldwork took place in the fishing village of Taarnby, Denmark on the island of Amager in the Oresund in the 50’s. The goal of her research was to publish the unseen side of fieldwork. She wanted to share the personal and professional sides of fieldwork with the reader. She went to the island to help her husband study culture change. 2. Who accompanied Anderson to her field site? Barbara Anderson’s husband (Thor), her daughter (Katie; 5yrs old), and Anderson’s unborn child (Sarah) accompanied her to her field site. 3. Why was Anderson’s incompetence with language and household skills both a problem and a blessing for her work in Taarnby? Anderson’s incompetence with language and household problems were due to the translation and understanding of a new culture. Barbara’s confusion of flour with sugar caused her meat loaf to be a disaster. The two words were very similar in Denmark. She also failed to understand the use of a timer. Her incompetence was a blessing because it showed she couldn’t be a threat to the community. The chief pilot’s wife, who had eluded attempts of an interview, agreed to one and also offered personal cooking lessons. 4. Explain how Barbara became â€Å"immersed† in Danish culture in the bathhouse. Due to her lack of the language she had to unknowingly â€Å"div...

Advantages & Disadvantages of the Internet in Education Essay

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/info_8109434_advantages-disadvantages-internet-education.html Nearly every classroom in America’s schools can access the Internet, a number that grew from 35 percent in 1994, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Some teachers use the Internet with every assignment while others take a different approach. As with any education technique, classroom Internet usage comes with both advantages and disadvantages. Read more : http://www.ehow.com/info_8109434_advantages-disadvantages-internet-education.html Information A major advantage of the Internet is the ability to access all types of information from library resources all over the world, including magazines, books, newspapers and journal publications, instantaneously. This information increases the learning potential by providing students with the latest information. It also expands the resources of a smaller library tremendously. Students using search engines can find information quicker and more tailored to their specific needs. As a disadvantage, educators may consider this information overload. With all of the information available to students, they may find it difficult to choose which information is most important to a topic and also when to stop looking. In addition, the validity of Internet sources varies considerably from website to website, which means students can very easily acquire inaccurate or out-dated information online. Online Education An online education provides students with the convenience of going to class and completing assignments on their own timetable. Students can take classes from a college or university nowhere near their home and get an education experience not available to them locally. Students who travel with a job can take a class in a house, hotel room or coffee shop. Students save on housing, gas money and travel expenses. However, an online education means face-to-face instruction does not exist, nor does the ability to get instant  feedback on class assignments in many situations. They also can’t hear questions from other students (or ask questions themselves), which often can give clarification to a student struggling with the concepts of the material. Sponsored Links $0.01 Web Hosting Scalable, Secure Web Hosting. Try Our Award-Winning Service Now! www.hostgator.com/1Penny Virtual Field Trips An advantage of a classroom Internet connection allows students to take a virtual field trip without ever leaving their school building. Students studying the animals of Africa, the Great Wall of China or the Egyptian pyramids, for example, never have to get on a plane. For schools struggling with budgets and for schools in rural locations, going to an online museum or virtual zoo gives them a unique opportunity they might not otherwise have without Internet access. Disadvantages of this experience mean students can’t ask questions of the zookeeper or touch a snake at a zoo. They can’t take pictures or create memories with their classmates. For younger children, a field trip can teach them how to behave in public and respect adults; since virtual field trips don’t leave the classroom, they only learn to respect their teacher. Social Skills The Internet allows students to meet people from all over the world at the click of a button. Suddenly doing a tenth grade literature project on Irish literature with the help of students in Ireland makes the project more interesting and thus a huge advantage. Artists studying Italian architecture can email experts in Italy about the vast amount of artwork. While these opportunities provide great details and resources, they also can damage social skills. Students who reply primarily on the Internet for information and interaction don’t talk to people in person as much; rather they just email back and forth. This can make it hard to develop listening skills, especially when interviewing someone, or to acquire appropriate social skills for face-to-face interactions. Advantages and disadvantages of school children using the Internet for  research Introduction Discuss the Advantages and disadvantages of school children using the Internet for research Over the last decade computers have been used more than ever before. The emergence of the Internet during the 1990’s allowed educational research materials to be made available through websites. Many people now use the Internet as a primary source of information for their work however there are many sides to this argument and there are doubts whether this is advisable in all cases. There are both advantages and disadvantages of school children using the Internet for research purposes, these advantages are: * The fact that the Internet is an easy tool to use and, once the child has learnt how to use the web; they can use search engines to find almost anything. †¦read more. Middle * There is a great deal of software available to stop unwanted sites, viruses or ads coming up, so the child could be trusted to use the internet without being in danger as long as they bear in mind that privacy is important and as long as they do not disclose personal information over the web. * You can get Current, topical information, such as news from around the world as the Internet is constantly being updated. * Also, there are many sites, which help children to study through the use of different media such as online Learning. Disadvantages include the fact that:: * Anyone can publish a web page to support his or her own intents and purposes. †¦read more. Conclusion some relevant information * Not all information is on the Internet and so the subject that the particular student may be researching may have more to it than is shown. * There can be many people such as hackers etc. who are trying to access your computer whilst you are on a particular site. This is important to remember when using the Internet for anything. In conclusion, I would say that the Internet is very useful to schoolchildren (like myself) in terms of its research potential but one must be aware of its limitations and should follow sensible practise in using it safely and wisely. However certain points must be remembered to ensure that the research produced is true and realistic. †¦read more. The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level Internet section. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet Can you imagine a life without the internet? Hasn’t it revolutionized and eased up our life in many ways? Read on to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. By Ashwini Ambekar | Wednesday, October 22, 2008 PRINT ARTICLE Modern life and business has become easier and the world markets have shrunk thanks to the immense contribution of the internet technology to communication and information sharing. However this internet technology was not created overnight. In its initial stages of creation it facilitated communication within certain specific network stations through a central mainframe method. Eventually internet operations wherein multiple networks could be connected together was made possible. From here on internet service providers that were privately owned allowed for expansion and use of this technology and it has had a tremendous impact all over the world. The Internet not only allows for ease in communication through email but also ensures easy availability of information, images, and products among other things. Every day the internet continues to provide a new facility, something new that is immensely convenient and that makes life easier for many people. However this internet like any other technology is also like a Pandora’s Box and contains some unwanted elements or disadvantages. Following are the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. Advantages of the Internet The internet has opened up new avenues for communication. Email facility has allowed people to communicate with minimum wastage of time. It is now possible to send a message to any part of the world through a simple email address and the message is delivered in a matter of seconds. This has allowed businesses to expand and communicate with their vendors and customers located all over the world in record time. Personal communication has also become easier thanks to email. Chat rooms, video conferencing are some of the latest additions in this technology and these have allowed people to chat in real time irrespective of the location of the parties involved. The intranet allows for people within an organization to easily communicate and share information. The greatest advantage of this phenomenal creation is that it is easy to understand and simple to use. Information has been made available easily because of this wonderful technology. Search engines, websites dedicated to different subjects and large amount of articles and papers are available for perusal in a matter of few seconds. Forums on a number of sites allow people to discuss and share their thoughts and information with others located at different places all over the world. Whether this information is about the latest news happenings in the world or information about your favorite celebrity, everything is available at your fingertips. A huge cache of data is available on the internet on every single subject. With this storehouse of information people can not only increase their knowledge bank but can do so without wasting their time through traditional means such as visiting libraries and conducting exhaustive research. This is particularly relevant for students who can use this wealth of information for their school projects and also to learn new things about the subjects they are interested in. In fact this internet is a boon for many schools and universities that are now able to assign projects and work to the students and follow their progress which can be easily posted on the school/ university int ernal websites. Online education has grown at a very fast pace since internet allows the development and use of innovative tools for imparting education. The internet has also revolutionized the entertainment industry. You no longer need to go to a cinema hall to watch your favorite movie. You now have companies offering their services wherein you can just download or order your favorite movie and watch it with a fast internet connection. Likewise you can download your favorite music or other important software in a matter of few minutes. There are a number of shareware programs that allow you to share and download your favorite music and videos.The internet also allows people from different cultures and backgrounds to connect with each other. Internet gaming is a huge business and allows enthusiastic gamers to compete against each other in games even when they are located far apart. Likewise dating has also  allowed people to find their prospective soul mates. Shopping has also got a complete makeover thanks to the contribution of the internet. You have many websites selling a variety of products of products online and one just needs to select or bid for the desired product and entire financial transactions can be conducted through the internet. E commerce has got a facelift because of the internet and entire global business deals can be conducted over the internet. Transfer of money is also no longer a time consuming job and with just a click of a button you can easily transfer funds to anyplace you wish. Some of these services of course come at a price. A variety of other services are also available through the internet including booking of tickets whether they are for traveling, hotel reservations or for your favorite movies. Medical support and guidance is also available through the internet and there are many websites catering to this and a horde of other services. Disadvantages of the Internet While the internet has made life easier for people in many ways it is also reflecting an uglier side to its existence through a number of problems that it has thrown up for its users. With a large amount of information freely available on the internet theft and misuse of this information is a likely possibility. Time and again you see cases of people using someone else’s information and research and passing it off as their own. Another problem or disadvantage of the internet is that it has allowed a great deal of anonymity to a large number of people who may access the different websites, forums and chat rooms available. This has allowed perverted individuals to at times take advantage of innocent people and abuse their trust. Since business dealings and financial transactions have become easier because of the internet another problem that has arisen is that people can now misuse your private information including financial details such as the credit card number. There have been cases of financial frauds and other problems that people have experienced following misuse of such sensitive information. Some unscrupulous individuals have been successful in creating viruses and links that once clicked can automatically transmit your personal email addresses and other details to certain parties and even your bank account details in some extreme cases. The case where funds are withdrawn or where sensitive data are obtained is called phishing. One of the biggest problems that the  internet has created is that of spamming. Spamming refers to the activity wherein unwanted emails and other links are sent in bulk to people. These emails may pertain to advertising or random bulk emails and these may contain viruses that may corrupt the system and even if they don’t cause any harm these can be plain annoying. The internet has also given birth to viruses that can wreck havoc in the system and cause a lot of damage. Many websites are notorious for sending adware, viruses and also other malicious software that can slow the computer and in some cases even harm it considerably. The internet is particularly attractive for a child since it has so much to offer in terms of entertainment. However pornography is a serious threat in today’s world and this can cause a lot of problems in terms of emotional and mental well being of the child. There are practically millions of pornographic sites and without supervision a child can easily fall into the trap of accessing such sites. Even though a number of informative sites are available there is also a darker side to the internet with the availability of a large number of other problematic sites that can cause serious effects on a child during these impressionable ages. Even though the internet has in many ways brought the world closer together it has in many other ways caused a lot of damage to relationships and growth of individuals. This is because the internet can have a huge addictive pull and people are at times known to surf the internet for up to 15 or 16 hours a day. Chat rooms and forums or other ways of interactivity cannot really replace real life socializing and if that takes place internet can be quite detrimental.

Road Traffic Noise

1 . R O A D T R A F F I C N O I S E S T R A T E G Y As our towns and cities continue to grow, so too does the volume of traffic travelling on our roads. While this traffic represents an essential part of society's development and prosperity, it is also a growing source of concern for the community. This paper discusses many of the issues relating to the impact of road traffic noise on the community. Section 1 outlines the proposed Road Traffic Noise Strategy, its scope, development and how you can contribute. Section 2 contains information on the ffects, levels and sources of traffic noise, and outlines the current programs that contribute to reductions in road traffic noise in Victoria. 1. 1 Scope and Purpose of this Paper This background paper is the start of a process to develop an integrated Road Traffic Noise Strategy (the strategy) for Victoria. This background paper:  · explains what a road traffic noise strategy is;  · explains how the strategy will be developed, includin g how you can contribute to the process;  · provides information about the effects, levels and sources of road traffic noise in Victoria Section 2); and  · outlines current programs that address road traffic noise issues (Section 2). 1. 2 What is a Road Traffic Noise Strategy? A road traffic noise strategy is a plan for managing the noise from motor vehicles on the road network. The strategy will guide the activity of government, business and the community to achieve reductions in road traffic noise over time. Solutions to address road traffic noise are not often found in a single program but rely on combinations of programs. The strategy therefore needs a broad range of tools for reducing the impact of road traffic oise. An integrated traffic noise strategy will require administration from a number of organisations to implement the elements of the strategy over the short, medium and long term. The strategy will contain a range of tools such as:  · a State environment protecti on policy (SEPP) for providing the policy framework and setting legal standards for noise levels from roads;  · national processes for the development of regulations and programs to reduce noise from the motor vehicle;  · programs for managing noise from roads by VicRoads and local government

How to manage someone older than you

How to manage someone older than you Most of us are used to a certain dynamic at work- those above us in the pecking order have typically been in the workforce longer and are older, and those below us are relatively newer to the world of work and are likely younger. However, this dynamic has effectively been thrown overboard in a wide array of industries. Today, we’re seeing younger and younger individuals in positions of power and influence in the workforce, and these days it’s not uncommon for the power hierarchy to be reversed, with older individuals reporting to younger bosses. According to a recent article in Harvard Business Review, â€Å"Younger bosses- already prevalent in industries like IT, professional services, and accounting- will likely become more so as ‘companies promote young Millennials into leadership positions and organizations make more of an effort to retain top talent,’ says Jeanne C. Meister, a founding partner of Future Workplace, the human resources consultancy, and coauthor of  The 2020 Workplace. ‘It’s a potentially uncomfortable, potentially conflict-ridden situation,’ she says, ‘but it doesn’t have to be.’†The truth is, managing someone older than you- or vice versa- can be a challenge, but so is any power dynamic between two individuals with distinct personalities and backgrounds. Sometimes this â€Å"reverse dynamic† works well, and older individuals take advantage of the opportunity to acquire a fresh and modern knowhow and skill set from their younger supervisors, while other times there’s a bit more friction. While there are no hard and fast rules that are guaranteed to work in every situation, there are some things that can be done to help ease this possibly delicate situation.If you’ve found yourself in the position of managing someone who’s older than you, use the following strategies to maximize the chances that this working dynamic will be a smooth and eff icient relationship.Lose the ego.Okay, you may be the young hotshot at your office, but if you have an older employee reporting to you it won’t do you any favors to keep reminding them of this. They already know you’re younger and in a position of power, so mentioning this over and over again will only make things worse. Try being a bit more humble- it often works well on younger and older employees alike.Be ready to listen.People appreciate it when they feel that their voices are being heard, and they have respect for those who are willing to hear their point of view. Listening puts others at ease and empowers and motivates them to do their best work. Isn’t that what you want from someone who reports to you?Motivate respectfully.Skip the platitudes and demeaning clichà ©s; chances are, they’ve heard them all before. Also, having them come from someone younger could really backfire. Be respectful when trying to motivate an older employee and you’l l increase the chances of getting positive results.Be open to learning.Just as you’d like to be respected in the workplace, older employees would like to be respected for the wealth of experience and skills that they bring to the table. The most effective supervisor-subordinate relationships are those that demonstrate mutual respect and a willingness from both sides to learn and benefit from each other. If you’re managing someone older than you, be open to the learning experience going both ways.Demonstrate value.In any good supervisor-subordinate relationship, the supervisor makes it clear that they have valuable knowledge and skills to pass along. Older employees can typically benefit from learning modern technology and skill sets for example, and if you’re the type of supervisor who’s willing to demonstrate this sort of value, you’re more than likely to earn the respect and dedication of an older employee.The world of work is changing rapidly in many exciting ways, and all the old career rules are rapidly flying out the window. In order to keep up, new rules need to be written, including how to handle the â€Å"younger boss/older employee† dynamic. If you find yourself in this position, fear not- use the strategies mentioned here and you’ll be setting yourself up for lasting success.